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Mo-lo-yu – mentioned by Yijing, a Tang dynasty Chinese Buddhist monk who visited the Southeast Asia in 688–695.Maleu-kolon – a location in the Golden Chersonese, from Ptolemy's work, Geographia.Some scholars equate the term with Sumatra, but several Indian scholars believe the term should refer to the mountainous Malay peninsula, while Sumatra is more correctly associated with Suvarnadvipa.
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The word "Melayu" as an ethnonym, to allude to a clearly different ethnological cluster, is assumed to have been made fashionable throughout the integration of the Malacca Sultanate as a regional power in the 15th century. The term is thought to be derived from the Malay word melaju, a combination of the verbal prefix 'me' and the root word 'laju', meaning "to accelerate", used to describe the accelerating strong current of the river. The epic literature, the Malay Annals, associates the etymological origin of "Melayu" to Sungai Melayu ('Melayu river') in Sumatra, Indonesia. Joget dance from the Malacca Sultanate, many aspects of Malay culture are derived from the Malaccan court. Ethnic Malays are also the major source of the ethnocultural development of the related Betawi, Banjar, Cape Malay, Cocos Malay and Sri Lankan Malay cultures, as well as the development of Malay trade and creole languages like Ambonese Malay, Baba Malay, Betawi and Manado Malay. They absorbed, shared and transmitted numerous cultural features of other local ethnic groups, such as those of Minang and Acehnese. Throughout their history, the Malays have been known as a coastal-trading community with fluid cultural characteristics.
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In the course of history, the term "Malay" has been extended to other ethnic groups within the "Malay world" this usage is nowadays largely confined to Malaysia, where descendants of immigrants from these ethnic group are termed as anak dagang ("traders") and who predominantly consist of the Acehnese, Banjar, Buginese, Minangkabau and Javanese people. The golden age of the Malay sultanates in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo saw many of their inhabitants, particularly from various tribal communities like the Batak, Dayak, Orang Asli and the Orang Laut become subject to Islamisation and Malayisation. In literature, architecture, culinary traditions, traditional dress, performing arts, martial arts and royal court traditions, Malacca set a standard that later Malay sultanates emulated. Common definitive markers of Malayness – the religion of Islam, the Malay language and traditions – are thought to have been promulgated during this era, resulting in the ethnogenesis of the Malay as a major ethnoreligious group in the region. The advent of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century triggered a major revolution in Malay history, the significance of which lies in its far-reaching political and cultural legacy. Historically, the Malay population is descended primarily from the earlier Malayic-speaking Austronesians and Austroasiatic tribes who founded several ancient maritime trading states and kingdoms, notably Brunei, Kedah, Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, Melayu and Srivijaya. There is considerable genetic, linguistic, cultural, artistic and social diversity among the many Malay subgroups, mainly due to hundreds of years of immigration and assimilation of various regional ethnicity and tribes within Maritime Southeast Asia. The groom is wearing a baju melayu paired with songkok and songket, while the bride wears baju kurung with a tudong.Ī Highly naturalized population of mixed origins, but using the 'Malay' identity A Malay couple in traditional attire after their akad nikah (marriage solemnisation) ceremony.